Substantive vs. Not Substantive

Class discussion is an important aspect of the learning process. In academic institutions, this activity is the common practice among education practitioners in order to stimulate the minds of their students. Through class discussion, an exchange of ideas, opinions and perspectives transpire. With this, participants are encouraged to vocalize their understanding on a particular subject matter which helps in honing their different skills and developing different types of intelligence.However, if a teacher is not properly conducting a discussion, there is a tendency for the students to respond with mediocre or below average answers or thoughts. To produce thorough analyses and an in-depth discussion, teachers should initiate an open-ended discussion which usually starts with a question that does not require a a right or wrong answer. Through this, students will not be apprehensive about sharing their ideas because the notion of being humiliated will be eliminated.Also, teachers should not hesitate to make follow up questions in order to test whether students were able to fully comprehend the lecture or lesson. Another strategy to create a great discussion is avoiding monopoly. Every participant should be given equal opportunities to express their ideas. This can prevent certain individuals from controlling the flow and content of the discussion. As a result, every aspect of the subject can be explored or analyzed. Furthermore, encouraging students to relate or apply the topic to their daily experiences can produce a meaningful discussion (Saskatoon Public Schools, 2008).Moreover, to differentiate substantive from non-substantive responses in a discussion, teachers must look at relevance, logic, substance and objectivity. The relevance of the response to the topic should be the primary quality to be reviewed to determine if it is substantial or not. Then, the significance of the answer to the topic. Find out whether the response is essential to the advancement of the topic. The more unusual the answer the better but it must be logical. Also, it is important to provide answers that are objective in order to minimize limiting one's knowledge about a particular subject matter.

Hewlett Packard The Company Commerce Essay

In 1938, two Stanford alumnuss in electrical technology, William Hewlett and David Packard, started their ain concern in a garage behind Packard ‘s Palo Alto place. One twelvemonth subsequently, Hewlett and Packard formalized their concern into a partnership called Hewlett-Packard. HP was incorporated in 1947 and began offering stock for public trading 10 old ages subsequently. Annual net gross for the company grew from $ 5.5 million in 1951 to $ 3 billion in 1980. By 1997, one-year net gross exceeded $ 42 billion and HP had become the universe ‘s 2nd largest computing machine provider. The company, which originally produced audio oscillators, introduced its first computing machine in 1966. In 1972, the company pioneered the epoch of personal computer science by presenting the first scientific, handheld reckoner. Hewlett-Packard introduced its first personal computing machine in 1980. Five old ages subsequently, HP introduced the LaserJet pressman, which would go the company ‘s most successful merchandise of all time.The HP WayIn 1956, Bill Hewlett, Dave Packard, and a smattering of other HP executives gathered at the Mission Inn in Sonoma, California, to make a set of values and rules to steer their company. The six aims that this little group later created non merely helped determine â€Å" a new sort of company, but finally became the foundation for what came to be known as â€Å" the HP manner. †The six aims, which subsequently became seven, are:1. Acknowledge that net income is the best step of a company ‘s part to society and the ultimate b eginning of corporate strength ; 2. Continually better the value of the merchandises and services offered to clients ; 3. Seek new chances for growing but concentrate attempts on Fieldss in which the company can do a part ; 4. Supply employment chances that include the opportunity to portion in the company ‘s success ; 5. Keep an organisational environment that Fosters single motive, inaugural and creativeness ; 6. Show good citizenship by doing parts to the community ; 7. Stress growing as a demand for endurance. Hewlett-Packard is the universe ‘s largest engineering company. Largely known as a shaper of pressmans, the company is the universe ‘s top shaper of Personal computers and has been tied with Dell for the lead in the United States. HP focuses its Social Innovations in three countries: HP in Education HP in Health HP in the Community HP believes instruction is the anchor to societal advancement and prosperity. We are working to give pedagogues, pupils and immature enterprisers the cognition and accomplishments to turn to pressing challenges in their communities and around the universe. Health is a cardinal precedence for authoritiess all over the universe. The quality of health care determines the quality of people ‘s lives. Millions of people do non hold entree to the really rudimentss of wellness attention services, and in many states wellness services are merely non presenting quality attention in an effectual and efficient mode. Even in the states where wellness services are strong, the cost construction is unsustainable for the patients, suppliers and remunerators. Each twelvemonth, 1000s of HP employees donate money, clip and expertness to assist others.Products & A ; ServicessHp is a taking company, offering merchandises, engineerings, package, solutions and services to consumers, little and average sized concerns and big organisations Hewlett-Packard Company ( HP ) is a taking company offering a broad scope of merchandises, engineerings, package, solutions and services to single consumers, small- and moderate-sized concerns ( SMBs ) and big endeavors, including clients in the authorities, wellness and instruction sectors. Its operations are organized into seven sections: Servicess, Enterprise Storage and Servers ( ESS ) , HP Software, the Personal Systems Group ( PSG ) , the Imaging and Printing Group ( IPG ) , HP Financial Services ( HPFS ) , and Corporate Investments. Services, ESS and HP Software are reported jointly as a broader HP Enterprise Business. Hewlett-Packard ‘s concern is huge in range and size. The company manufactures more than 24,000 electronic merchandises and systems for measuring, calculating, and computation. The world-wide operation with research installations ; fabrication workss ; and gross revenues, service, and support offices spread across the U.S. and more than 120 states.Mission Statement of Hewlett Packardâ€Å" We are committed to developing a broad scope of advanced merchandises and multimedia services that challenge the manner consumer ‘s entree and enjoy digital amusement. By guaranting synergism between concerns within the organisation, we are besides invariably endeavoring to make exciting new universes of amusement that can be experienced on a assortment of different merchandises. †Vision statement of Hewlett Packardâ€Å" We recognize and seize chances for growing that builds upon our strengths and competences. †Improved Mission statementTo supply merchandise, services and solution of highest quality and present more value to our clients that earn their regard and trueness.Improved Vision statementTo see alteration in market as an chance to turn, to utilize our net income and to ability to develop and bring forth advanced merchandises, services and solutions that satisfy clients need.Why?They are brief and to the point. It is foregrounding all the chief points.Comparison of Mission statement to a taking rival statementIBMA IBM, we strive to take in the innovation, development and industry of the industry most advanced information engineerings, including computing machine systems, package, storage systems and microelectronics. We translate these advanced engineerings into value for our clients through our professional solutions, services and confer withing concerns worldwide. DELLA Dell mission is to be the most successful computing machine company in the universe at presenting the best client experience in markets we serve.Mission Statement Evaluation MatrixOrganizationCustomersMerchandises or ServicessMarketsConcern for Survival, Growth, ProfitabilityTechnologyDoctrineSelf-ConceptConcern for Public ImageConcern for EmployeesHewlett PackardYesYesNoYesYesYesYesYesYesIbmYesYesYesNoYesNoNoYesNoDellYesYesYesNoYesNoYesYesNoINTERNAL ASSESSMENTFinancial Ratio AnalysisRatio 2006 2005Gross net income border24.53 % 23.61 %Operating net income border7.15 % 4.00 %Net net income border6.76 % 2.7 %Current ratio1.35 1.38Quick ratio1.13 1.16Inventory turnover ratio8.93 9.63Gross saless to receivables ratio8.43 8.75Tax return on assets13.0 % 6.9 %Debt to worth ratio6.52 % 9.12 %Working capital$ 12,414 $ 11,874Gross net income border ratioThe gross net income has increased from 23.61 % to 24.53 % . This means that profitableness at the basic degree has increased from old twelvemonth. This is a mark of good ratio.Operating net income borderProfitableness before involvement and revenue enhancement has increased from 4.00 % to 7.15 % . This means that efficiency of the concern before taking any funding has increased from the old twelvemonth. This besides is a mark of good ratio.Net net income borderThis besides has increased from 2.7 % to 6.76 % . This means that overall profitableness has besides increased. This is a mark of good ratio.Current ratioCurrent ratio has decreased from 1.38 to 1.35. This means that working capital to run into short term duties has decreased, which shows a hapless usage of working capital. This is a mark of bad ratio.Quick ratioThis ratio has besides decreased from 1.16 to 1.13. So this shows that the ability to pay immediate fiscal duties has besides decr eased. This speedy ratio is acceptable but has decreased.Inventory turnover ratioThe ratio has decreased from 9.63 to 8.93, which means that more capital is tied up in stock list which is non a good mark.Gross saless to receivables ratioIt besides has decreased from 8.75 to 8.43. This means that the efficiency in roll uping histories receivables has deceased.Tax return on assetsThis ratio has increased from 6.9 % to 13.0 % .This is the mark of good ratio.Debt to worth ratioThis ratio has decreased to 6.52 % from 9.12 % . This means that debt funding has decreased and therefore the hazard besides has decreased.Working capital.Working capital has increased from $ 11,874 to $ 12,414. This shows that the ability of a company to digest hard fiscal periods has increased.Market Positioning MapApple Sony HP High Quality Dell Gateway ToshibaHigh monetary value Competitive monetary valueLow QualityStrengthsLeading supplier of personal computing machines and imaging and printing Hewlett-Packard ‘s primary strength is its businessA place. The endeavor has a big sum of hard currency in manus. Multi-vendor client services, including substructure engineering and concern procedure A outsourcing, engineering support and care, application development and support services A and consulting and integrating services The company competes both at local and international degree. It has increased its fight through policies and schemes that supports free-market economic systems. Organized into 7 concern subdivisions with strong place in each Hewlett-Packard is a planetary endeavor and particularly after itsA mergerA with Compaq, the company became universe ‘s biggestA computing machine hardwareA and peripherals consort in the universe and has ranked 20th in the Fortune 500 list. Strong fiscal status Global presence Ability to supply end-t0-end IT solution H/W, application development and support Highly talented work force Good Operational EfficiencyFailingsFiscal status leans really to a great extent on the province of our economic system non merely in the US but worldwide Lack of in-house direction consulting division R & A ; D section has significantly less investings compared to historical disbursement Pay cuts has brought low morale to employees Dependence on third-party providers, and our gross and gross border could endure if HP fails to pull off providers decently. Fighting to Add Value and Remain Profitable in Low-Cost High-Volume Personal computer Business. HP did non yet hit a CMDBA productA that includes find and function. This cause many clients to exchange the trade name. The past acquisition of Peregrine made the HP'sA portfolioA even more diverse and complete but HP Open View ‘s deficiency of mainframe direction capablenesss created several jobs. Slow velocity to market or reactivityINTERNAL FACTOR EVALUATIONNO, sINTERNALStrengthWeightsEvaluationWEIGHTED SCORE1Production Adaptability .10 4 .402Financial Ratio .10 4 .403Merchandise Dependability .15 4 .604Customer Relationship .10 4 .405Construct To Order .05 3 .156Monetary value .10 3 .30 Supply Chain .10 3 .307Leading engineering .10 4 .40INTERNALFailingWeightEvaluationWEIGHTEDMark8 Small Merchandise Diversification .05 3 .15 9 Intellectual capital is underestimated .10 3 .30 10 No Business Diversification .10 2 .20Entire1.00 3.6EXTERNAL ASSESSMENTMajor Rivals of HEWLETT PACKARD CORPORATION:HP faces a really strong competition with a figure of companies fabricating quality and technologically advanced merchandises. As HP has specialized in a figure of merchandises runing from pressmans to laptops and Personal computers, it faces competition with different companies in different classs. In the laptop fabrication industry HP has rivals like: Apple Inc. Acer Lenovo Dell Inc. Toshiba In the publishing supply market tough competition was presented by: Kodak Canon Basics Office Depot HP is a corporation that has diversified its merchandises to a really good extent. It is a popular trade name known for pressmans and Laptops. Its rivals are from both the sides. It faces a really tough competition with Apple Inc. Apple has been turning in the last few decennaries as a major name in technologically really advanced merchandises like Mac. HP laptops sale has see a really important addition in the 2007 worldwide. As the demand for Personal computers goes t addition twenty-four hours by twenty-four hours, companies are continuously germinating their engineerings to better the map ability of the devices. Harmonizing to the statistics HP has 16 per centum of the laptop market in their custodies which is 2nd to Dell which controls 19 per centum of the market. Dell and HP are considered as the top rivals in the laptops industry. The market that the Apple Inc holds is non affected by the alterations happening in the Microsoft Windows.COMPETITIVE PROFILE MATRIXHewlett Package DELL Apple Inc.CRITICAL SUCCESS FACTOR Weight Rating Mark Rating Mark Rating Mark Technological promotion 0.2 3 0.6 3 0.6 4 0.8 Product Quality 0.1 3 0.3 2 0.2 4 0.4 Price Competitiveness 0.1 3 0.3 4 0.4 3 0.3 Customer Loyalty 0.05 3 0.15 2 0.1 4 0.2 Global enlargement 0.1 4 0.4 4 0.4 3 0.3 Globally to the full functional 0.1 4 0.4 4 0.4 3 0.3 Invention 0.15 3 0.45 2 0.3 4 0.6 Ad 0.05 3 0.15 2 0.1 4 0.6 Market Share 0.05 3 0.15 4 0.2 3 0.15 After sale services 0.05 3 0.15 3 0.15 2 0.1 Management 0.02 3 0.06 3 0.06 4 0.08 Global Handiness 0.08 4 0.36 3 0.24 2 0.16 Sum 1.00 3.47 3.15 3.99OpportunityGlobally acceptable package used in the laptops which makes them easy to utilize and fix. The company is spread through the universe and has a really effectual direction that invariably keeps a cheque on their merchandises working. The monetary values are really low-cost. The HP is continuously supports on updating their engineering which keeps the involvement of the clients integral. They have a line of laptops specifically for the different categories of people based on their affordability. Their line of Laptops COMPAQ has a really strong clasp of the in-between category people which includes pupils besides. HP is preferred by concern people because of its easy use. Bing globally available people find it easier to acquire their laptops or pressmans repaired. The cartridges are easy available for the pressmans. The direction at the company has taken a great measure and advertised in different states really interestingly. HP has marketed itself a user friendly and a trade name that is meant for the ordinary people doing them experience extraordinary. Bing technologically friendly their operations can even be carried out globally which cuts down their outgos. In the printing industry HP has been able to present really advanced pressmans and has erased a market for the optical maser jets. HP because of the printing industry has a name and repute in the large concerns. The warrants that the HP gives for their merchandises attract the clients. Invention is the key to the success of HP. They are continuously presenting new merchandises and variegations in their merchandises. HP is developing corporate â€Å" immune systems † aimed at assisting concerns prevent and support against turning security menaces. Changeless research being carried out in HP Labs The new HP Labs Innovation Research Program invites the world-wide academic community to subject proposals related to current research in the countries of information detonation, dynamic cloud services, content transmutation, intelligent substructure and sustainability.MenaceBiggest menace to the HP is Apple Inc ‘s MAC. The popularity of the Mac can earnestly harm the market for the HP laptops. The HP is non paying attending to the designing of their Laptops or customization like DELL and VIVO does. The advanced behaviour of Apple Inc can be a serious factor in the falling of gross revenues of HP. HP has marketed itself as a trade name for the ordinary people which is really good appreciated but their ads need to hold famous persons to back their merchandises. H P ‘s biggest menaces on a system degree – looking at companies with a wide comprehensiveness of storage, waiters, and professional services – would be IBM. I would besides indicate to EMC as their strongest overall menace in the storage market, particularly since the beginning of 2003. HP association with the descrying dirt. Many little companies are lifting developing cartridges for the pressmans of HP. This can harm the market that the HP holds of the cartridges. Raising both the controversialA 1998 DMCAA and computing machine offense Torahs, HP has threatened to action a squad of research workers who publicized exposure in the company'sA Tru64 Unix runing system. ACER is going the new menace to the laptop market that the horsepower holds because of low-cost monetary values. The new Acer merchandise has an unheard of battery life of up to eight hours. The Personal computer is light and thin. It will retail for less than $ 1000. The ACER laptops are of lower monetary value and more low-cost. The ACER and DELL offer better quality and characteristics in the same monetary value where HP offers a laptop with ordinary characteristics. HP differentiated the market by offering COMPAQ computing machines which are of lower monetary value and meant for the in-between category. Thus sort of categorization can turn away the clients. IPads and Samsung manus tablets are a serious menace to the horsepower laptops. Dell is squashing HP on monetary value in the low-end waiter market, while IBM is holding more success winning moneymaking trades for strategic services. Analysts expect a package acquisition to hike net incomes. The Compaq amalgamation helped HP vault to No. 1 in storage and No. 2 in waiters while going stronger in tech services. In the 4th one-fourth the corporate unit ‘s gross revenues rose a surprising 10 % . Still, HP is fighting with profitableness at the same clip IBM and others are harvesting strong net incomes. Even with HP ‘s top-line additions, the borders and net incomes declined. HP ‘s incompatibility has taken a toll on its stock monetary value. The company ‘s portions trade merely shy of the degree that analysts say the pressman concern is worth all on its ain. Fiorina has improved HP ‘s record of run intoing Wall Street ‘s outlooks. But she still has missed analyst prognosiss in seven of the past 20 quarters, draging the path records of major challengers. A Hewlett-Packard had been losing its effectivity due to the altering profile of the company. HP Labs, as an organisation, has non been as successful with engineering transportation as it should be within the context of a corporate research lab. HP ‘s board decided to replace Fiorina, following a rollercoaster drive as CEO that included the controversial acquisition of Compaq Computer Corp. , a monolithic reorganisation of the company ‘s concern units — and a important rise in grosss since Fiorina ‘s reaching.

Middle Kingdom Essay

China is known as one the most advanced countries in the industrialized world; it is also one of the United States leading resources in products brought in to the states. China is known as â€Å"Zhongguo† which means Central Nation or Middle Kingdom. In the year 1000 B.C. the beliefs were that the Chou people really thought that they were indeed at the centre of the world. The Chou people were unaware of civilization in the west and that their empire occupied the middle of the earth, surrounded by barbarians, but in 1949 the Communist took charge and the name officially changed. China supports about a fifth of the world’s population on only 7 percent of the world’s arable land (Essentials of World Regional Geography second Edition, Pg.111, White, Dymond, Chacko, Bradshaw). The Chinese people believed in mainly their families and their community, unlike the Europeans who focused on individualism or themselves. In 1950, they introduced the Great Leap forward act that targeted Chinas’ vast population to rapidly transform the country from being agricultural based economy into a contemporary communist society by implementing industrialization and collectivization. In 1950, China’s population was about 563 million; the population grew drastically to about one billion in the early 1980’s. 1959 was the year that everything was collapsing, the people worked long and hard hours trying to make ends meet. The machinery broke down and the people were over worked and tired. Starvation became rampant. The products that the industries produced were very inferior and weak for example; the steel furnace was going down they couldn’t even use to make some of the beautiful structures they wanted to construct. The weather was so bad and the soil became very poor for farming because of consistent flooding. China’s fertility rate increased over the past few decades this was attributed to immigration and a decrease in infant mortality and a decrease  in death rate as national health improves. Later in 2010 , China’s population has reached 1.4 billion. Student Name: Latara Bradshaw Student ID#: AC1209024 Course Number and Title: EN120.2.1 English Composition 1 Assignment Number:6_06 Topic:The best teacher I ever had Date of Submission:08th November, 2012 There were lots of teachers in my school. But there was only one who stood out and I’ll never forget Mr. James Ward’s helpfulness and enthusiasm. His dedication helped me tremendously from my Elementary years and instilled with me now I am an adult. Loving, hardworking, tender-hearted and free spirited Mr. James Warde, my favourite Elementary teacher. I have had the privilege of him being a very good teacher to me for three (3) consecutive years, grades 5(five), 6(six) and a repeat of (six) 6. Short with a tall personality, medium built with black kinky hair, beady eyes and a contagious smile are some of the characteristics of my favourite teacher. He was very stern but polite and always cared about changing our failures into successes. During the day time we enjoyed going outside under a tree to capture the refreshing breezes which helped us to be more focused. Our teacher loved nature and he thought that the outside atmosphere would make us more relax and help us to c oncentrate on what he is teaching. In fact, he would turn our day dreaming into a reality with his creative ideas and interesting stories. Our classes were filled with humour and excitement; there was never a dull moment, even during Mathematics class he would demonstrate for even the slowest student to understand and at the end of the day everyone was evenly served. Mr. James Ward portrayed good characteristics of a great teacher. A knowledgeable man who was well respected by the students, teachers and community helped us be well rounded children at the end of every session. His professional duties extended from formal teaching to playing a very important part in my life as if he was my very own father. On a regular we would attend field trips pertaining to what topic we are doing in class, he would help organize school events that  were only educational and will help with the development of a student. Mr. James Ward built strong student teacher relationship and showed interest whether personal or school related, anything to help he was involved in. Enthusiastic teachers help students to have a better feeling about themselves and it also promotes a higher grade than a boring teacher who shows to love nor embrace which stimulates low esteem. Mr. Ward was known for his good manners and he always instilled in us that manners takes us a long way and we must respect ourselves and our peers. Our Motto was, â€Å"Good interaction promotes good grades.† On Friday afternoons we will have week quiz of what we learnt throughout the week, we really looked forward for Friday because he would bring us snacks and toys to motivate us if we got our questions correct and it motivated us for the next week. I never seen him with a frown or a displeased face even in a crisis he would smile and say, â€Å"God knows best.† He was a good teacher and a solid mentor and whatever was taught by him will instil in me and I will use his characteristics throughout the rest of my life. I love him and I will follow in his footsteps one day.

CyberSecurity Profile on the CIA Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

CyberSecurity Profile on the CIA - Essay Example G-1 – G-2, F-51; National Archives and Records Administration, 2000; Central Intelligence Agency, 2012). The available data suggests that the CIA strictly categorizes data and information systems in accordance with the laws, directives and guidelines attendant to the critical nature of the work of the CIA and the confidential nature of such data and systems. The data suggests formal documentation, as evident from the rigor of the categorization, though formal documentation is not available from the sources. The assumption is that categorization approval is embedded in the CIA policies and procedures, and emanates from the very top of the organization (National Institute of Standards and Technology, 2010, pp. G-1 – G-2. F-226; Clift, 2007; Clift, 2007; Thibodeau, 2009). The CIA does appoint a senior information security officer to take charge of information security program coordination, development, implementation and maintenance across the whole organization, in the person of the Chief Information Officer or CIO. The CIO is empowered with the appropriate mandate, coming from the US President and the organization, as well as with the appropriate resources for the purpose (National Institute of Standards and Technology, 2010, pp. G-1 – G-2 ,F-207, Office of the Director of National Intelligence, 2012). From the available literature, and from the example of its evolving cloud architecture, the functional architecture exists with the corresponding external interfaces, the appropriate security clearances and levels, information storage and transmission compliant with the laws, and level of priority for restoration of the information and related services (National Institute of Standards and Technology, 2010, pp. G-1 – G-2, F-201; Clift, 2007; Central Intelligence Agency, 2012; Thibodeau, 2009). There are appropriate screening procedures prior to access

Posthumanism cinema Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Posthumanism cinema - Essay Example Still, these films backup the idea of posthumanism, which forces human beings to think about their future. Thesis statement: The compare and contrast study on the films X-Men and Blade Runner proves that both the films are based on the same theme, but differs in the portrayal of humans and aliens/cyborgs (special references to posthumanism/ transhumanism). Compare study: First of all, both the films support the idea of posthumanism, the idea that human intelligence/ knowledge should bring forth peaceful coexistence in nature. Pramod K. Nayar states that, â€Å"Posthumanism as a philosophical approach involves a rethinking of the very idea of subjectivity because it sees human subjectivity as an assemblance, co-evolving with machines and animals† (8). Besides, both the films are symbolic of the after-effect of human effort to go beyond the limits of post-humanist theory. In the film X-Men, humans and aliens/cyborgs are portrayed as different varieties within the same group of h uman beings. To be specific, alien/cyborg in the film is named as mutant, superior to human species. Similar to the film X-Men, the film Blade Runner portrays another type of cyborg called as replicant. To be specific, this replicant is symbolic of the technological innovation in future. In the first film, mutants are less in number and they possess certain supernatural skills. Most of the mutants are not aware of their supernatural skills that differentiate them from human beings. But in the second film, replicants are produced by an international corporation named as Tyrell Corporation. So one can see that the origin of replicants is not spontaneous, but linked with the development in the field of bioengineering. In the film X-Men, the mutants like Magneto and Professor Charles Xavier are aware of their importance as mutants. For instance, Magneto decides to add more human beings to their group and to gain control over human race. Similar to this, the replicants in the second film are aware of their power, enough to challenge and control human beings. In the first film, mutants named as Professor Charles Xavier differs with Magneto because he tries to create warm relationship with human beings. Joshua David Bellin states that, â€Å"As such, by the time the final battle between the X-Men and Magneto’s forces is waged, its suggestive backdrop-the Statue of Liberty-comes to seem no more than a prop or a set piece to enhance the spectacular qualities of a conventional, and tidily moralizing, scuffle between normal and freak†(199). This difference in opinion and its after-effect is the core aspect of the film. This film portrays the story of mutants, not human beings. So, one can see that the film X-Men deals with mutation and its after-effects on human beings and the mutants. Similar to this, the female replicant in the second film named as Rachael considers itself as a human being, not as a replicant. Besides, one can see that this replicant poss esses some human qualities and emotions. Basically, this film is based on the misunderstanding between replicants and human beings, and its after-effects. The director of the film X-Men makes use of the character Professor Charles Xavier and followers as his mouthpiece to convey his message to the viewers. Similar to this, the director of the second film makes of the character Rachael (say, a replicant) as a tool to prove that human beings are responsible for the problems faced by the living

Employee Negative Habits and Attitudes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Employee Negative Habits and Attitudes - Essay Example Unfortunately, bad workplace habits and negative employee attitudes create serious problems: poor workplace performance, workplace conflicts, and failure to achieve strategic organizational outcomes are just some of the numerous effects caused by bad workplace habits on organizations and their members. Bad habits make suffer both employees and employers. Workers may loose their job and the reputation of the company may suffer greatly. Bad workplace habits are numerous and varied. No one knows what exactly can fire the flame of conflict and disobedience within an organization. At times, employees can be extremely sophisticated in their negative habits and attitudes. Yet, in most instances, bad habits can be easily detected and addressed. Absenteeism and sick list abuse is, probably, one of the worst employee habits. Dozens of workers miss work intentionally, since they are unwilling to attend their workplace and are pretty satisfied with getting their sick list payments on time. Other s are convinced that spending half of the work day in a smoking room is absolutely normal and even necessary for their emotional stability. Such employees will not rush to deal with their obligations. Most probably, they perceive their work as some kind of entertainment and do not understand that the success of business and its profitability largely depends upon the contribution each and every worker makes on a daily basis. Other bad habits include gossiping and unnecessary sarcasm: some employees cannot be serious even when it is crucial for the organization’s survival. Employees may tend to withhold important information or will make excuses every time they fail to cope with their responsibilities. These are further supplemented by the negative attitudes, which employees hold about their work: it is no secret that not all employees like their job and these negative attitudes have far-reaching implications for strategic performance within organizations. Bad habits and negati ve attitudes of employees affect all aspects of organizational performance. Employees who miss work, fail to cope with their obligations, find excuses, and do not assume responsibility for their acts cannot be useful for the organization. Instead, they increase the burden of organizational problems and concerns. Moreover, their presence in organizations always comes at a cost: they receive salaries and benefits for doing nothing. It should be noted, that bad habits and negative attitudes work like an infection – they can infect other employees, who slowly learn a valuable lesson of laziness and non-productivity. As a result, one employee can negatively affect the whole organization and cause a chain reaction of bad attitudes toward work. Eventually, bad habits and negative attitudes of employees may threaten organizational safety. Gossiping may lead to information leakages. Withholding important information may disrupt the stability and operation of the organization’s security systems. Employees who do not share information with others will not let their colleagues and co-workers cope with their job tasks. Consequentially, other employees may fall victims to the bad habits and negative attitudes of their co-workers. What to do with employees and their bad habits depends upon the situation. No matter the seriousness of the problem, firing an inefficient employee should always be a measure of

Money and life, Rhetorical Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Money and life, Rhetorical Analysis - Essay Example Logos on the other hand is the use of reason, logic or sound argument in justifying an author’s claims. With logos, the author instead convinces the audience by the soundness of his or her argument rather than appealing to the audience’s emotion. Ethos on the other hand uses ethical appeal to win over the audience to the author’s point of view. In the film, the argument is grounded mainly on the moral, ethical ascendancy of a resource person or the expertise of the person making an argument to convince the audience to believe the argument of an author. Katie Teague used a combination of these rhetorical tools in presenting her case and argument in her film Money and Life. The author used the rhetorical tool of logos heavily or the use of reason and logic in presenting her case in the film. This was evident when she argued the financial and monetary system that made â€Å"money as a mean of exchange† and theories of scarcity in the movie. In a way, she also discussed government’s monetary and fiscal policy that made money so important. The approach of the paper is also methodical and logical just like a university paper where there is a framework in laying out the arguments beginning with a statement of a problem, analysis and then a proposal of a solution. The statement of the problem was our entrapment with money and the background is Teague discussion of the monetary system that made money so important to us. First, Katie Teague laid down the general description of the â€Å"curses and evils† caused by money in the film as her statement of the problem and the byproduct of the monetary system of the country which we are all slav es. After stating the problem, the obvious comes next with the analysis of the problem of which the solution can be derived. Here, the approach of the analysis is not much dependent on logos or logic as it should be but rather on pathos or emotional appeal and ethos or credibility of the source. This

Hollywood Portrayal of Cancer Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Hollywood Portrayal of Cancer - Essay Example Sweet November and Autumn in New York are both love stories that are centered on the appreciation of the beauty of life. In exploring this theme, the movies placed the main characters in a situation where one of them is terminally ill. Sweet November is a love story that revolves around Nelson Moss (played by Keanu Reeves) and Sara Deever (Charlize Theron). Deever took it as a mission to help Moss overcome his obsession with work and success, and thereby allowing him to appreciate and enjoy life. This mission would be achieved in just one month. As the story unfolds, it is revealed that Deever is afflicted with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, a type of cancer that is the main reason for Deever's decision to lead an unusual lifestyle of "curing" men of their misbehaviors towards women. The story ends tragically, with Deever ending her relationship with Moss and facing the consequences of her illness alone.. Autumn in New York is a love story between a womanizing older man and a young, vibrant woman. Early on the story, Charlotte Fielding (Winona Ryder) and Will Keane (Richard Gere) fell in love, and as Keane was ending the relationship in the same manner as he had ended his past relationships, Fielding agreed to the fact that they would have no future together because she was sick. The story ended in tragedy as Fielding dies of a rare disease after the last-resort surgical operation failed to save her life. There are many similarities in the two movies in the manner that cancer was portrayed. First, the illness was equated to the certainty of death. The drama in both films revolves around the fact that the women have little time left. Both protagonists also dealt with the disease in a similar manner - they gave up on medical treatments. In Autumn of New York, Charlotte Fielding even signed a directive that no surgery will be made on her. In one of their conversations, Fielding told Keane, "I don't want to give hope, when there is none" (Chen, 2000). The same attitude was somewhat projected by Sara Deever in Sweet November. She decided to take on a different course in life, away from the regular treatments usually provided by hospitals to cancer patients. Both films in a way concluded that there were no other options for the two cancer-afflicted characters, and that subjecting themselves to medical treatments and procedures would yield the same result, that is, eventual death. The character in Autumn in New York died at the end of the film, while in Sweet November, the character decided to come home and perhaps yield to medical cure for her illness, although the last scene seemed to indicate that she would be spending the rest of her life wilting away and succumbing to death. She left the viewers thinking that she would die, in the same way that her lover agreed to letting her go and face death. Both stories depict the dying characters, both of which were white women, still in flawless appearance. This would fall under what Comedienne Carol Burnett referred to as the Movie Star Disease (as cited in Lallanilla, 2005), where the ill character,

Why are organisations seeking to implement their chosen strategies Essay - 1

Why are organisations seeking to implement their chosen strategies through projects - Essay Example He can manage well and hence the reason that he is preferred over his colleagues for the post of the project manager. The key competencies of a project manager are immense but a few of them are mentioned within the length of this paper. Within the literature review for this topic, the emphasis would be laid on the fact that project managers commit their own selves whole-heartedly towards the cause of the project at hand and that they exhibit some of the very intrinsic traits within their professional duties and their personal capacities which make them stand head and shoulders with the rest of the employees within the organization. It is their single-ness in terms of management expertise which is given its due credit and thus they are appointed as the ones who will lead the organization towards success whilst accomplishing the results that are envisaged in the wake of a peculiar project. The literature review will explore the exact basis upon which project managers have achieved higher ranks, broke new grounds, taken care of new possibilities and in essence made their mark within this field of management itself. The key competencies of a project manager entail a number of strengths on his part and the time is right to make a clear cut understanding of the very same in the following paragraphs. (Frame, 2002) Decision making in science and indeed any other field of study is a difficult thing and for this, one needs to understand what are the basic ways in which a decision can be arrived at, without wasting much time and using the best tools and techniques in order to achieve the same. These decisions are very crucial to the outcome of a project and a project manager is accountable for the very same. At times, certain things should be kept in mind like the fact that information is the single most significant thing in this whole process. Decision-making is indeed a very

Impact of Cinematography on the movie Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Impact of Cinematography on the movie - Essay Example They find a very old ancient kind of a book having ghastly illustrations, a dagger, which is decked up like the skull of a human and reel-to-reel tape recorder. Initially they are very amused by seeing all this and they watch those things out of curiosity. They play the tape and start listening to it. The recorded message in the tape are the contents from "The Book of the Dead" dictated by the professor. It has the incantations, which have the power of resurrecting the dead and giving them the power of possessing the living beings. A series of terrifying incidents start taking place the moment the students play the tape recorder. We come to know about the impending danger from the body language of the characters. One of the female characters holds the hands of her boyfriend and the covers her ears with her hands. They all are restless. One of them repeatedly requests Scotty to turn off the tape. There is sudden change in the atmosphere. It becomes dark outside and we see smoke coming out of the ground. This is an indication of something appalling that is going to take place. The playing of the tape enlivens the demons that are lying in slumber in those thick woods. And thus they rise up and start possessing the students one after the other with vengeance and kill them. Thus the story of the film is interesting and equally terrifying, which makes the audience shiver with terror. The effects of horror, which are the highlights of the movie, have been possible because of the use of innovative techniques of Cinematography by the renowned cinematographer, Tim Philo. These techniques have played a vital role in the creation of horror movies. Cinematography is a craft, which covers the technical aspects like - the gauge of the film (which ranges from 8 mm to 65mm or even more than that), the filters, focal length, lighting, camera movement, special effects etc. (Wikipedia), while shooting the motion pictures. Although such factors are considered in still photography, this craft was very creatively or innovatively used by the cinematographers for motion pictures. The film "Evil Dead" which was produced in 1981, was a chart buster and became a milestone in the world of horror films. Sam Raimi who was the director of this movie was trying is hand at creatin g something extraordinary. This urge of unique creation resulted in the movie, "Evil Dead". To make a horror film was not easy at that time when people were very fond of seeing romantic films or at the most murder mysteries. This was indeed a challenge and Sam Raimi did it in great style. This was a low budget movie and the cast and the crew had to face innumerable hurdles while shooting for the same. But ultimately it was made and it became a huge success. This film was unique in various ways. It was the first time that somebody had tried to experiment by using superhuman elements and by using animations and by experimenting with different aspects of cinematography. Cinematographer's creation is the mirror of thoughts or vision of the director. He works in a close association with the director, to bring out the aesthetics of the film to the surface and make it effective. He has to take care of the elements of color and light in accordance with the theme and the mood of the movie. As the name suggests, "Evil Dead" needed to have dark side to its creation. Only script, dialogues, makeup were not going to help. To create that feeling of horror in the audiences, it required

Autism Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Autism Assignment - Essay Example It is believed that, when functioning normally, mirror neurons help people acquire skills, mimic or imitate others, and help with language formation. But autistics, it appears, according to research done by Dapretto et al (2006) among others, have improper or non-existent mirror neuron activity. Dapretto et al (2006) gave autistic and non-autistic students a task to do while using an fRMI. Children with autism were able to do the chosen task just as well but showed no mirror neuron activity. This might mean that autistics learn how to do things, model things from others, and so on in very different ways. Further, the researchers found that activity in the area predicted social skills: The less activity, the worse the patients' social skills. It may be that part of the difficulty that autistics have relating to others, understanding their emotions, understanding why they don't do â€Å"rational† things, and other difficulties is the lack or improper functioning of these mirror neurons. The brain is simply less capable of handling the tasks that normal people take for granted, like being able to learn how to do something by watching other people doing it.

Evolution of the Human Hearing Essay Example for Free

Evolution of the Human Hearing Essay Evolution of the Human HearingIntroductionThe human ear has two major functions: ensuring body balance and sound detection. The balancing mechanism seems to have evolved earlier than the hearing mechanism. Early developing vertebrates had balancing organs, but they have no cochlea. A good example is fish. The basic function of the human ear is to sense sound. Sound is a compression of wave, which travels via a medium. For vertebrates, the medium perceived is air. Sound waves can travel through other mediums, such as water or ground. Hearing is a result of vibration of the surrounding medium that resonates parts of the body. The resonance is then transformed into electrical signals such that they can be interpreted by the human ear. The way human beings recognize sound has undergone changes since the discovery of the ear. Land vertebrates, birds, reptiles and mammals evolved primitively from amphibians, specifically the primitive fish. The formation of the inner ear started during the Devonian Period. There has been a debate whether the lateral line structure, a sensory system used to detect variations in pressure in amphibians, developed into the inner ear. Most scientists and researchers agree that the ear evolved from this lateral system. The lateral system is found beneath the skin of fish. It is a series of grooves and depressions with a group of hair cells, which lets the fish to adapt to variations in eddies and currents. According to (Duane, 1981) primitive fish possessed a simple sensory organ. The grooves evolved into the complex inner ear in vertebrates. The nerves cells in the human ear are adaptations of the earlier hair cells. In the course of evolution, a fish become more amphibious. Finally, it evolved into a land animal, which required a new sensory system to detect differences in air pressure. This was a way of improving their survival rates, such as danger recognition. According to (Clark, 2003) the Eustachian tube and the middle ear evolved from the respiratory mechanism of the fish, while the inner ear evolves from jaws. With time, the inner ear changed and developed. The part of the inner ear responsible for body balance evolved to the membrane of the oval window. The oval window is responsible for transmitting variations in air pressure. As this happened, the inner ear was growing bigger and bigger. In the fish, a tiny swell emerged in the vestibular of the ear. As the evolution progre ssed, the bulge evolved into a spiraled cochlea. This is what forms the hearing system of vertebrates. Gradually, fish evolved into amniotes, which are fully terrestrial vertebrates. Early amniotes did not have eardrums. According to (Gangestad, 2000) eardrums evolved six times in primitive amphibians, in anurans, in sysnapis, in diapsids (lizards, dinosaurs, and bids), in anapsids (turtles and its relatives), in reptiliomorphs and in temsnospondyls. According to paleontologists, our earliest ancestors breathed through their ears. According to (Gangestad, 2000) tubes that form the middle ear developed from gill-like structures that allowed sea creatures to breathe from back of their heads. Another study was done by ( Anthwal, 2012) which sought to examine 370-million-year old fossils, Panderichthyts. This is an immediate species between the amniotes and fish. The study reveals that Panderichthys had tiny bones in its skull that appeared similar to the early analogues of the gill system and the ear canals. The study suggests the canals are the ones which developed into true ears. This occurred after Panderichtys’s ancestors had become air breathers, freeing up their former gills structures for sensory functions. The study plays a critical role in understanding the evolution of the human ear. Our ability to ear relies on structures, which started as a gill opening in a fish, the study reveals. Human and all other vertebrates have special bones in the ear responsible for hearing. Ancient fish relied on the same structures to breath while in water. The study further argues that the human ear into a complex structure after animals established themselves on land. To draw valid conclusions, the study compared the fossil with its close cousin of the first land animals. In another fossil, Eustenopteron, a discovery of a small bone called hyomandibula was made. The bone later on developed a kink and blocked the gill opening. Furthermore, in early land animals like tetrapods Acanthostega, the bone receded, forming a larger opening. This is now a part of the middle ear in all vertebrates, including humans. A close study of the Panderichthys fossil offers scientists a crucial missing link between the ea rs and fish gill openings. According to (Anthwal, 2102) the characteristics are much more like those of tetrapods; there is no longer kink but the spiracle is widened and opened up. He found out that the hydomandibula is shorter, but rod-like in Eustenopteron. Another study of a hominid that was discovered in South Africa confirms that the human ear has undergone several changes. The fossil dated 1.9 million years was found to have several bones which are found on the modern human ear. However, the bones were not exactly the same. Three ear bones were identified. The malleus appeared to be human-like while the stapes and the incus appeared to resemble those of Chimpanzees. The study asserts that since the malleus of our early ancestors looks similar to ours, the changes of the bone must have occurred during our evolutionary history. The discovery is important in two ways. First, it suggests that ear ossicles are adult-sized and fully-formed at birth, but do not change in our lifetime. Second, the bones show that the hearing ability of ancient creatures was very different from that of modern humans. This is not necessarily, better or worse. But certainly, the hearing capability was different (Texas University, 2013). Following the discussion presented above, it can be noted that the human ear underwent several stages of evolution. The studies presented above clearly shows that the hearing capability of ancient creatures was different from that of modern humans. In addition to this, it can be noted that the human ear evolved from a simple gill structure all through jaw bones of a reptile. The following diagram summarizes our discussion. Diagram Adapted from: http://evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/article/evograms_05References Anthwal N. (2012). Evolution of the mammalian middle ear and jaw: adaptations and novel structures. Journal of Anatomy 221 (1): 1–96. Clark, A. G. (2003). Inferring nonneutral evolution from human-chimp-mouse orthologous gene trios. Science, 302(5652), 1960-1963. Duane T. Gish, The Mammal-like Reptiles, Impact, no. 102, December 1981. Gangestad, S. W. (2000). The evolution of human mating: Trade-offs and strategic pluralism. Behavioral and brain sciences, 23(04), 573-587.Texas AM University. (2013, May 13). Prehistoric ear bones could lead to evolutionary answers. ScienceDaily. Retrieved March 22, 2014 from www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/05/130513174048.htm Source document

Nutritional Considerations in Geriatric Care

Nutritional Considerations in Geriatric Care Title of the Topic: Nutritional Considerations in Geriatrics Running Title: Geriatric Nutrition List of Cotributors: Dr.Veena B. Benakatti, Post Graduate student, Department of Prosthodontics, KLEVK Institute of Dental Sciences, KLE University Belagavi Dr.Raghunath Patil, Professor and Head, Department of Prosthodontics, KLEVK Institute of Dental Sciences, KLE University Belagavi Dr Ulhas N Amasi , Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, KLEVK Institute of Dental Sciences, KLE University Belagavi Dr Veena Benakatti1, Dr Raghunanth Patil2, Dr Ulhas N Amasi3 Department of Prosthodontics, KLEVK Institute of Dental Sciences, KLE University Belgavi. Abstract: Human beings need a wide range of nutrients to lead a healthy and active life. The nutrients required for different physiological age groups can be derived only from a well balanced diet. One of the major challenges for the success of health sciences in present scenario is increasing elderly population in the society. Nutritional deficiency, particularly of proteins is very common in elderly people. Over 60% of elderly people are malnourished, and there are many causes for this malnutrition and it is not always easy to differentiate the age related from the pathological. We always need to remind the phrase that it is of great importance to add life to years and not years to life. Here is an article reviewing the basics of nutrition in elderly people and role of prosthodontist in the same. Key words: Diet Counseling, Geriatrics, Healthy, Nutrition, Prosthodontist, Recommended Dietary Allowance. Introduction Nutrition is the basic human need and a prerequisite for healthy life. A well proportionate diet is essential from the very early stages of life for proper growth, development and maintatinance of normal body functioning, physical activity and, health.1 The three basic prerequisites to sustain life are air, water, and food. Human being is supposed to consume air, water and food in pure and naturally occurring condition. However, assuming air and water is being consumed in pure form, food is the basic requisite for healthy life which is in control of human being but still the one most neglected. The overall improvement in economy at the macro level and subsequent improvements in purchasing power (though unevenly distributed) among households have not resulted in the expected levels of improvement in the nutritional status of Indians mainly because of ignorance. The major food issues of concern are insufficient and imbalanced intake of nutrients.1 One of the major challenges in field of health sciences is the increasing number of geriatric population in the society. Also, it is expected that by 2050, 20% of the total geriatric population of the world would be in India.2 Nutritional deficiencies particularly concerning protein is very common in elderly. Over 60% of elderly people are malnourished, and many causes may be traced for this malnutrition and it is not always easy to differentiate the age related factors from the pathological.3 We need to always remember the phrase that it is of great importance to add life to years and not years to life.2 Nutritional needs of the elderly Nutrition in geriatrics needs a special attention considering factors that affect nutritional status of an aging individual. Physiological changes that occur with age, like Body composition (Annual decline in lean body mass of 1-2% and decline in extracellular water) reduced and impaired organ function, therapeutic drugs affect nutritional status of elderly people. Apart from these, Emotional problems, Insufficient funds, inability to shop and food preparation problems, adherence to specific diet, alcohol, above all the individuals’ taste play a more important role for the selection of food than does the availability of nurients.4 The main sources of energy in Indian diets, which are mainly plant food based, are Carbohydrates, Fat, Protein considered to be macronutrients. Other nutrients are Vitamins and minerals, which are considered as micronutrients. The required nutrients for different physiological groups can only be derived from a well balanced diet.1 Water Water accounts for 70% of total human body weight. It is a constituent of blood and other vital body fluids. A normal healthy person will require 8 glasses (2 liters) of water per day. During very hot weather and when undertaking vigorous physical activity, the requirement of water increases as a considerable amount of water is lost through sweat. Water should be free from disease-causing agents like bacteria, viruses, parasites etc., and harmful chemical substances like pesticides, industrial wastes, and heavy metals, nitrates, arsenic and excess of fluoride. Boiling for 10-15 minutes is a satisfactory method of purifying the water. Tablets containing 0.5 g of chlorine can disinfect 20 liters of water.1 Energy Body needs energy, to maintain body temperature, metabolic activity and for supporting physical work and growth. The main source of energy in the Indian diet is carbohydrates which derived largely from cereals. These cereals constitute 80% of our diet and provide 50-80% of daily energy intake. Elderly Men need 46kcal/kg/day (average 2730kcal/kg/day). Elderly Women need 41kcal/kg/day (average 2230kcal/kg/day).1 Carbohydrates Carbohydrates provide energy of 4 Kcal/g (Table 1). The simple carbohydrates, glucose and fructose, are found in fruits, vegetables and honey, sucrose in sugar and lactose in milk, while the complex polysaccharides are starches in cereals, millets, pulses and root vegetables and glycogen in animal foods. The elderly consume a large proportion of their calories as carbohydrates, possibly at the expense of other nutrients like protein, because of their low cost, ability to be stored without refrigeration and ease of preparation. Denture patients preferring soft foods high in simple sugars fat should be advised importance of complex carbohydrates. Fiber component of complex carbohydrates promotes bowel function, lowers glycemic response, reduce serum cholesterol prevents diverticular disease. Most of the fruits and vegetables (except potatoes, watermelon, sweet corn) whole grains, beans, lentils are low glycemic index foods.1 Proteins Dietary proteins should provide eight essential amino acids in a proper proportion and in adequate quantities to synthesize tissue proteins in the body. Particularly Egg protein is used as a reference protein against which the quality of other proteins can be considered. Vegetable proteins, like cereals, legumes and vegetables are of poorer quality than animal proteins. Cereal proteins are generally deficient in lysine and pulses or legume proteins deficient in methionine. However, when both cereal and pulses (legumes) are consumed in the diet in proper proportions, the proteins from these two sources will supplement each other and overcome each other‘s deficiencies in lysine or methionine to a significant extent. Daily requirement of protein is .8g/kg body wt (60g for males 55g for females per day).1 Fat The maximum amount of fat that can be consumed in the diet should not exceed 30 %E (about 60g visible fat / day). Fat intake if exceeds 35% E may increase the risk of diet related non communicable diseases and should be avoided. However, daily fat intake in the diet can be between 20-30%E (20- 40 g/day). Low fat milk and dairy foods should be consumed. Processed, premixed, ready to eat and fast foods should be avoided. Beef and mutton should be consumed moderately. Use of butter/Ghee should be limited. Intake of saturated fat (butter, ghee and hydrogenated fats) and cholesterol (red meat, eggs, organ meat) should be restricted. Excess of these substances could lead to obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease and cancer. Use palm oil, sesame, rice bran, or cotton seed oils as they have higher thermal stability. For bakery items use coconut oil, palm oil, palm kernel oil or their blends/solid fractions.1 Dietary fiber Dietary fiber is the remnants of the edible part of plants and is similar to carbohydrates which are resistant to digestion and absorption in the human small intestine with complete or partial fermentation in the human large intestine. Dietary fiber includes polysaccharides, oligosaccharides, lignin and associated plant products. Dietary fiber exhibits one or more of either laxation (fecal bulking and softening; increased frequency; regularity), blood cholesterol attenuation, blood glucose attenuation. Animal foods do not contain fiber. Cereals, seeds, beans, many fruits and vegetables, bran and whole grain are sources of fiber. In Indian scenario fiber deficiency is rare as it is consumed adequately in daily Indian foods. However, a minimum intake of 20-35 g of fiber is recommended for long-term good health.1 Minerals Minerals are calorie free and essential nutrients which regulate many biological functions. Minerals such as iron, zinc and copper aids in collagen formation, Wound healing, and regulate inflammation.5 Calcium and Phosphorous Average need of calcium over 60yrs is 1500mg daily, and of phosphorous 1gm/day. Elemental Ca:P ratio of 1:1 has to be maintained. Sources include Milk and milk products, Egg, Meat, Fish, millet ragi, Green Leafy Vegetables. Milk is Rich source of bioavailable calcium. Milk fat serves as a vehicle for fat-soluble vitamins A, D and E. Since milk fat is of the saturated type, those who need to be on a low fat diet can consume skimmed/toned milk. For strict vegetarians, milk is the only source of vitamin B12. Milk is also rich in riboflavin. Only pasteurized or boiled milk should be consumed to ensure protection from disease-causing agents. Osteoporosis is the most common disease affecting aging person and postmenopausal women resulting from calcium deficiency.1 Iron, Zinc, Sodium, Magnesium and Potassium – (Table No 2) Vitamins These are essential organic and calorie free molecules necessary for human body. They are further classified as fat soluble and water soluble vitamins.5 (Table No 3) As a person grows older, he tends to become physiologically less active and therefore need lesser calories to maintain their weights. The daily intake of oil should not exceed 20 g. Use of ghee, butter, and coconut oil should be avoided. They need foods rich in protein such as pulses, toned milk, egg-white etc. Therefore, the elderly need nutrient-rich foods rich in calcium, micro-nutrients and fiber. Apart from cereals and pulses, they need daily at least 200-300 ml of milk and milk products and 400 g of vegetables and fruits to provide fiber, micro-nutrients and antioxidants. Inclusion of these items in the diet improves the quality of the diet and bowel function. Flesh foods and eggs add to the quality of diet. The diet needs to be well cooked, soft and less salty and spicy. Small quantities of food should be consumed at more frequent intervals and adequate water should be consumed to avoid dehydration hyponatraemia. 6 Food preparation Fermentation and germination (sprouting) are common Indian food practices which definitely improve digestibility and increase nutrients such as B-complex vitamins and vitamin C. Repeated washing of food grains like rice and pulses will lead to loss of minerals and vitamins. Cutting vegetables into smaller pieces will expose a greater surface area of the foodstuff to the atmosphere, resulting in loss of nutrients like vitamins due to oxidation. Cut vegetables should not be soaked in water for longer time, as water-soluble minerals and vitamins will get dissolved. Boiling being the most common method of cooking, will lead to loss of heat-labile and water-soluble vitamins like vitamins B-complex and C. excess water should not be used while cooking rice. Shallow frying uses much smaller amounts of oils than deep frying. Repeated heating of oils particularly PUFA-rich oils results in formation of peroxides and free radicals and, thus, should be avoided. Oils which have been repeatedly hea ted should not to be mixed with fresh oil. Microwave do not cook uniformly and leave some cold spots in the food by which harmful bacteria can enter into body, avoid large amounts and big pieces in the microwave oven otherwise mix the food in between for uniform heating or cooking.6 Natural fruit juices provide energy, vitamins (beta carotenes, vitamin C) and minerals (potassium, calcium). Fruit juices are potassium rich and are ideal for hypertension. Compared to natural fruit juices, synthetic drinks do not contain nutrients. Tea and coffee although relieve mental and muscular fatigue should be avoided at least one hour before and after meals due to presence of tannin that interfere with absorption of iron. Coffee known to increase Blood Pressure and abnormalities in heart beat, excess tea coffee is harmful to health as they contain caffeine. Decaffeinated coffee and tea can be consumed which are being marketed to obviate the adverse effects of caffeine.6 Role of Prosthodontist Teeth are not a prerequisite in healthy individuals for proper digestion. However edentulous subjects with poor masticatory function consume more medications than those with better masticatory function for their digestive problems. Impaired masticatory function may lead to adhesion to specific diet and an unbalanced diet in elderly individuals. Apart from masticatory efficiency several other oral conditions like painful mucosal disorders, oral dryness may also lead to nutritional problems.3 Adequate nutrition plays a vital role in maintaining health of aging oral tissues which in turn is going to influence the prognosis of prosthesis6. An adequate dentition either natural or artificial is not always essential for sufficient food intake for maintaining balanced nutrition in normal health, but is necessary to support extra demands of illness aging. Prosthodontist is in a strategic position to evaluate correct nutritional deficiencies that promote premature aging of oral tissues by providing a functional prosthesis. A prosthodontist need to understand aging patient his requirements provide prosthetic treatment to meet his demands helping him towards optimal health a happier life. Quality of denture wearing patient can definitely be improved by diet counseling. Creating nutrition awareness referral to physician or dietitian when required is of utmost importance. A careful screening, diet evaluation and regular follow ups will help to identify nutritional risk deal with it. Objective of diet counseling is to correct imbalance in nutrition that interfere with body as well as oral health.7 Older people with dry mouth are likely to prefer foods that are high in fats, oils and sugars due to ease of chewing and swallowing. Older people with altered taste and smell may consume more sugars as a way of making food palatable. Some people may not consume some foods that are good sources of dietary fiber due to problems with their teeth or dentures. For those with dry mouth, encourage frequent sipping of non-sugared, low acidic drinks such as water. The intake of sugar-containing medications should be limited. Ask the doctor for alternatives for the person in your care. Prepare chopped up vegetables or mashed vegetables for them. Avoid giving them stringy foods. Provide small bite-sized portions of fruit. Conclusion The geriatric population being a very important asset for our society, their experience and guidance in real life is indispensible. As a Prosthodontist, if we think what we can give back to the society? One of the answers could be obtaining detailed knowledge of diet and nutrition and guiding our patients during our long and repeated appointments. This way, Prosthodontist can bang a correct balance between profession and their responsibility towards society at a large and attain professional happiness.2The concluding principle is that proper nutrition is an important aid in preventive medicine in geriatric people in which the practicing Prosthodontist can play a vital role. References Recommended Dietary Allowances For Indians, Report Of Expert Group Of Indian Council Of Medical Research, National Institute Of Nutrition, Hyderabad. Palaskar J. Diet nutrition in geriatric patients- A matter of concern. J Dent Allied Sci 2012; 1(2):44. Philippie Mojon, Ejvind Budtz-Jorgensen, Charles-Henri Rrapin. Relationship between oral health and nutrition in very old people. Age and ageing 1999; 28:463-68 Nancy G sebring, Albert D Gluckes, Shou Hua, Mccarthy. Nutritional adequacy of reported intake of edentulous subjects treated with new conventional or implant-supported mandibular dentures. J Prosthet Dent oct 1995; 74(4):358-63 Snehal Sonarkar, Rucheet Purba, Shishir Singh, Rajesh Podar. â€Å"Components of diet and it relation to dental caries: A review†. Int J Contemp Dent Med Rev 2014 Dietary guidelines for Indians, National Institute Of Nutrition 2010 Zarb, Hobkirk, Eckert, Jacob. Prosthodontic Treatment for Edentulous Patients, 13th Ed. New Delhi, Mosby, Elsevier, 2013;28-33 Sheldon Winkler. Essentials of Complete Denture Prosthodontics, 2nd Ed. New Delhi, AITBS publishers, 2012,15-20 List of Tables: Table 1 Amount of energy derived from various macronutrients.1 Table 2 Recommended Daily Allowance and sources of micronutrients.1 Table 3 Recommended Daily Allowance and sources of vitamins.1 Table 1: Amount of energy derived from various macronutrients.1 Table 2: Recommended Daily Allowance and sources of micronutrients.1 Table 3: Recommended Daily Allowance and sources of vitamins.1

Sydney Opera House Construction Project

Sydney Opera House Construction Project The purpose of this assignment is to research the Sydney Opera House construction project and to prepare a report under the following headings: Jump to Project overview/Background Project team/Stakeholders Construction Project costs Executive summary/Conclusion Project Overview/Background The Sydney Opera House is one of the worlds iconic buildings and is recognized by most people universally. It is has become a global symbol of Australia. Planning for the Sydney Opera House began in the late 1940s, when Eugene Goossens, the Director of the New South Wales (NSW) State Conservatorium of Music, lobbied for a suitable venue for large theatrical productions. The normal venue for these productions, the Sydney Town Hall, was not considered large enough. By 1954, Goossens had gained the support of NSW Premier (Prime Minister) Joseph Cahill, who called for designs for a dedicated opera house. It was also Goossens who insisted that Bennelong Point be the site for the Opera House. Joseph Cahill had originally wanted it to be on or near Wynyard Railway Station in the northwest of the CBD. In 1956 Joseph Cahill, announced an international competition for the design of an opera house for Sydney. The competition called for a structure that contained two theatres a large hall for opera, ballet, and large scale symphony concerts capable of seating 3,000-3,500 people, and a smaller hall for drama, chamber music and recitals, capable of seating approx 1,200 people. A total of 233 designs were submitted for the competition. In January 1957, Jorn Utzon was announced the winner after his design had originally been rejected by three of the four judges. His design was based on the sails of a ship and gull wings using architectural concepts borrowed from the ancient Chinese. He won AUS $15000 for his design. One of Utzons Original Sketches The Fort Macquarie Tram Depot, occupying the site at this time, was demolished in 1958. Originally the project was scheduled for four years with a budget of AUS $7 million. The goal was to have the project completed by the end of 1962 and have the grand opening at the start of 1963. The construction of the Opera House did not begin until March 1959. The project ended up taking 14 years to complete and cost AUS $102 million. Project Team/Stakeholders The project team consisted of the designer and architect Jorn Utzon as well as Ove Arup, who was in charge of the structure and the engineering. There were various other subcontractors who made up the remainder of the team. The team was in charge of mechanics, electrics, heating and ventilating, lighting and acoustics, basically all of the design and construction. There was no project manager appointed to the job, and it was assumed that Utzon was to take the managerial role for all decisions regarding any design, construction or development. In actuality, it was Arup who was in charge of construction and development, even though Utzon usually had the final decision. So while the responsibilities should have been evenly shared between Utzon and Arup, Utzon strived for more control than he had. In addition, since Utzon was unquestionably the leading professional in the team, the other members expected that he would control the program and produce the drawings for construction. Stakeholders are persons or organisations who will affect or be affected by the project. There were two main stakeholders at the beginning of the Sydney Opera House construction, Jorn Utzon and the state of New South Wales which encompassed the Australian Government who launched the competition for the project, especially the Labour Premier Joseph Cahill. Jorn Utzon When a more conservative Liberal Party won the elections in 1965 and a new government was created, Davis Hughes was appointed Minister for Public Works and became a main stakeholder as he had control over the funding for the project. Some other stakeholders were Ove Arup and his firm as well as the other external companies and consulting firms. The construction of the project required the use of new techniques (computer-based three dimensional site positioning devices, geothermal pumpsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦) and it was outsourced to new consulting bodies such as Unisearch. Finally, the public was an indirect stakeholder because they were concerned with the projects success. And while only some citizens would be customers of the Opera House, it would also prove to be an integral part of Sydney and the countrys history. The public also contributed to the funding of the Opera through a lottery set up by the Government. Construction The project was built in three stages. Stage I (1959-1963) consisted of building the upper podium. Stage II (1963-1967) saw the construction of the outer shells. Stage III (1967-1973) consisted of the interior design and construction. Stage 1 Stage 1 commenced on 2 March 1959 by the construction firm Civil HYPERLINK http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil__CivicHYPERLINK http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil__Civic Civic, monitored by the Ove Arups engineering firm. The government had pushed for work to begin early, fearing that funding, or public opinion, might turn against them. However, Utzon had still not completed the final designs. There were still some major structural issues that were yet to be resolved. By 23 January 1961, work was running 47 weeks behind schedule, mainly because of unexpected difficulties (inclement weather, unexpected difficulty diverting stormwater, construction beginning before proper construction drawings had been prepared, changes of original contract documents). Work on the podium was finally completed in February 1963. Construction of the podium 1962 The forced early start led to significant later problems, one of the biggest problems being the fact that the podium columns were not strong enough to support the roof structure, and had to be re-built Stage 2 The shells of the competition entry were originally of undefined geometry. Ove Arup and his engineering firm struggled to find an acceptable solution to constructing them. The formwork for using in-situ concrete would have been prohibitively expensive, but, because there was no repetition in any of the roof forms, the construction of precast concrete for each individual section would possibly have been even more expensive. From 1957 to 1963, the design team went through at least twelve variations of the form of the shells trying to find an economically acceptable form before a realistic solution was agreed upon. The design work on the shells involved one of the earliest uses of computers in structural analysis, in order to understand some of forces to which the shells would be subjected. In mid-1961, the design team found a solution to the problem: the shells all being created as sections from a sphere. The shells were constructed by Hornibrook Group Pty Ltd, who were also responsible for construction in Stage 3. Hornibrook manufactured the 2400 precast ribs and 4000 roof panels in an on-site factory and also developed the construction processes. The achievement of this solution avoided the need for expensive formwork construction by allowing the use of precast units (it also allowed the roof tiles to be prefabricated in sheets on the ground, instead of being stuck on individually at height). Ove Arup and Partners site engineer supervised the construction of the shells, which used an innovative adjustable steel-trussed erection arch to support the different roofs before completion. On 6 April 1962, it was estimated that the Opera House would be completed between August 1964 and March 1965. Construction of the shells 1963 Stage 3 By Stage 3, the interiors, the project was taking up so much of his time that Utzon moved his entire office to Sydney in February 1963. However, there was a change of government in 1965, and the new Robert Askin government declared the project under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Public Works and put massive pressure on Utzon to finish the project. This ultimately led to his resignation in 1966. His position was taken over by Peter Hall who was mostly responsible for the interior design. At this point, the government asked for the number of seats to be increased from 2000 to 3000. The acoustic advisor, Lothar Cremer, was full of criticism of Utzons original design. He said this would not be possible and would be detrimental to the acoustics. Utzons design was coming under a significant amount of criticism at this point. Even the stage designer, Peter Jones, criticised the overall interior design. During all the criticism, work was still carried out with significant changes to Ut zons design. The final stage was eventually completed in 1973. Sydney Opera House Interior Project Costs The Sydney Opera House could probably be seen as one of the most financially disastrous construction projects in history. The winning design from the competition was originally supposed to have a budget of AUS$7 million. Initially the cost of the Opera House was estimated at AUS$3.6 million from the design entry. When Utzon submitted his refined designs the Red Book, the estimates were then calculated by a quantity surveyor at AUS$4,781,200. The NSW Government decided not to invest any money into the Opera House and decided to donate no more than AUS$100,000. They then set up the Opera House Lottery for the public, which ran through the course of the construction and generated enough funds to keep the construction going. The Opera House was formally completed in 1973, having cost $102 million. The following approximations were provided by the Hornibrook director in charge of the project Stage 1: Podium Civil and Civic $5.5 million Stage 2: Roof Shells $12.5 million Stage 3 : Stage equipment, stage lighting and organ $9 million Fees and other costs $16.5 million. 1974, the minister for public works announced the final bill for the project was $102 million, a total of $95 million over budget. Executive Summary/Conclusion The Sydney Opera House project was an unmitigated failure from a construction and project management point of view. The three major factors for a project to be successful are cost, time and quality. The project came in at a total of almost 1400% over budget and took ten years longer than expected. There were a number of factors in the failure of the project. At the beginning of any project, goals and objectives have to be clearly defined by the client to provide a guideline for what the project must contain. The project wasnt defined properly and the plans were changed constantly. The Australian Governments impatience and decision to start the construction before all the designs and drawings had been completed was a major factor in the project failures. This in turn made it extremely difficult for the design and construction teams as well as increasing the costs of the project. Jorn Utzon, being the designer and architect should have attempted to minimise changes to the plans unless absolutely necessary by simply rejecting unnecessary alterations. The lack of a project manager played a big role in the failure of the project. A project manager is absolutely essential for most construction projects and certainly a project of this size. In general, the project manager is responsible for the overall success of the project. The lack of leadership and guidance seemed to be a significant problem during the building of the Opera House. Without a project manager there was no clear leader or boss and therefore nobody for the contractors to liaise with in the event of uncertainties or concerns about any aspect of the construction except for Utzon who seemed to have his hands full with the constant design changes and updates. Although the construction of the project is generally seen as an absolute failure, it is impossible to argue that the Sydney Opera House is anything other than an outstanding success for Sydney and for Australia as a country. It is one of the most recognisable buildings in the world and attracts millions of visitors annually.

Wisdom Leads to Suffering in Brave New World by George Orwell Essay

Solomon spoke once, after a life filled with great wisdom of nature- chochmah tata’ah- that all of life exists for vanity, that purpose erases itself from existence and man is left with only a mean, purposeless life. Orwell, in 1984, realizes in his work that insight gained of the workings of a dystopic society, leads only to the discovery of purposelessness- the reduction of life to something other than that it purports to be. Orwell’s attack of wisdom takes shape through his usage of juxtaposition in character description, the telling nature of Winston’s state post-discovery, and a most mystifying metaphysical description: the peril of knowing too much. In the same way that Solomon captured the essence of chochmah tata’ah, the wisdom of the external, so Winston gains more knowledge of the external world, in the same way that Solomon (or a Qohelet pretending to be him) wrote of despair issuing from wisdom in Ecclesiastes, Winston finds himself suffering more than the people around him, due to his wisdom. In 1984, Doublethink forces the entire society, both the proles (because of their intelligence quotients) and the higher echelon of people (in order to keep power), into a stupor which leaves the without any knowledge of their situation in life, and completely- obliviously- happy. Though Orwell paints a picture of a crumbling world, the people within see no need to improve it because the simply choose to ignore problems. The people around Winston find themselves duped into believing blindly, without wisdom, and are content while Winston, aware of his surroundings, constantly struggles. Orwell’s message here screams to t he reader that knowledge leads to pain. Winston, strolling to work one day, sees a man with a twitch- fightin... ...fering and death of the combatants. The only outcomes of increased knowledge and wisdom of the external- chochmah tata’ah, exist as oppression and death. Orwell, though speaking out against the oppressiveness of societies, argues more strongly that humanity’s gain of wisdom about corruption leads only to suffering. The author of 1984 brings these points to fruition in his character analysis, and his analysis of reality itself. In the same way that Adam sampled the fruit of The Tree of Knowledge of Good and Evil and gained only death, the addition of wisdom to the human consciousness leads only to suffering. The epic told to represent this story by Orwell ends with the argument that â€Å"War is peace. Freedom is slavery. Ignorance is strength.† (4), the argument that when ignorance is lost, suffering and weakness follow. Work cited: Brave New World, by George Orwell.

Gatsbys Over-zealous Appoach to Life in the Great Gatsby :: essays research papers

Nick Carroway is not a very judgmental person, in fact, he himself states that he withholds judgment so that he can get the entire story out of the person to whom he is listening. To say that Nick is both approving and disapproving is not suspiring, for Nick rarely looks at things from only one perspective. Nick finds Gatsby to be ignorantly honest, in that Gatsby could not fathom the idea of saying something without really meaning it. He respects Gatsby for his determination to fit in with the East Egg crowd, though Gatsby does not realize that he does not really fit in with them. On the other hand, Nick sees Gatsby to be excessively flashy and, in the words of Holden Caulfield, 'phony.' Gatsby's whole life is a lie from the moment he left behind the name James Gatz and became Jay Gatsby. Gatsby lies about his past to try to have people perceive him as an 'old money' guy when that really is not necessary. Gatsby's valiant efforts to lure Daisy are respectable, yet they show Gatsby's failure to accept reality and give up on his long lost dream. Gatsby is one of the most determined and organized characters in the book. When Mr. Gatz shows Nick the schedule from Gatsby?s childhood, Nick realizes how even though Gatsby?s history changed, Gatsby was always a very goal oriented person. Once Gatsby set his mind to something, he would do anything to follow through with his over-all goal. For the main portion of the novel, the goal that Gatsby has is Daisy. Gatsby becomes determined to get her in anyway he can. Nick respects that Gatsby still has love for Daisy after all of the years apart, even after she married Tom when she promised to wait for Gatsby when he came out of the army. Gatsby?s trait of following through on something is very admirable and is a quality that many characters in the novel greatly lack. Gatsby has a heart and is true to it, whilst Daisy, Tom, and other characters are bullish and inhuman, running over people and then hiding behind their money. Gatsby is true honest and determined and Nick truly res pects Gatsby for these traits. Gatsby?s life from the day he created the name ?Jay Gatsby? and left behind his past and the name ?

Impact of Divorce on Children

The Impact of Divorce on the Family Sociology as defined by Sociology: exploring the architecture of everyday life is the systematic study of human societies (Newman, 2012). By studying human societies we can observe and understand how individuals interact with each other in society and the developing global system, but in order to understand these relationships we must look at society and the world at a different perspective. In turn a sociologist would be a scientist who studies human societies.A sociologist would be interesting in studying the topic of impact of divorce on children because it directly involves a relationship between two people. By studying divorce through a sociological perspective a sociologist can observe the causes that resulted in the divorce and the sociological implications it has on the nuclear family. Divorce is defined as the legal dissolution of marriage by a court or other competent body (Newman, 2012). The divorce rate in the United States is somewhere between 40-50 percent.The causes for divorce can vary greatly and can range anywhere from unhappiness with the marriage to extramarital relationships. In the 1950’s to the 1970’s divorce was only fault based meaning one spouse had to prove the other spouse committed a marital offense (Jolivet, 2012). Since the culture in the 1950’s was much different than it is now divorced couples were stigmatized, and their children were also labeled as outcasts from a â€Å"broken home†. It was also thought that children from a â€Å"broken home† had a higher chance of failing out of school or delinquency since there was an obvious lack of parenting.In the 1970’s divorce became more common and legislation changed, therefore, no fault divorce was introduced. Once divorce became more common, society became more accepting and divorce was not viewed as taboo anymore. Instead people now see divorce as another chance to be happy. Children of divorce were now v iewed as resilient instead of delinquents (Jolivet, 2012). The change in the way children were viewed comes from being able to cope with the loss of a family or growing up without living with a mom and dad.The effect of divorce on an individual’s life can be tremendous, it can impact almost everyone the individual interacts with. In an article by Greif and Deal (2012) they explained how friend networks would overlap with marriage and when that couple divorce that network is put at risk. It was found that after 8 months of separation men and women maintained 61% of that network but after 16 months only 50% of that network remained. The individual is important when it comes to observing effects of divorce.In a study done with 31 divorced women it was found that their physical appearance often changed as they struggled with their identity after divorce (Greif and Deal, 2012). This is most due to the high levels of stress before and after the divorce The impact parent arguing can have on the children could be very dramatic. A survey done by Dr. Robert Gordon that asked 1000 teenagers between the ages of fourteen and eighteen about their opinions on divorce concluded that the children wanted their parents â€Å"more than anything† to stay together (Jolivet, 2012).The survey also looked into children’s opinions’ on parent arguing and found that 50% of children think that parent arguing is â€Å"terrible† (Jolivet, 2012). There are different types of parental arguing, which can range from disagreeing, criticizing, screaming and physical confrontation. When children were asked about what arguing meant to them 39% said it involved disagreement, 26% said it was criticizing the other parent, but less than 35% said that arguing involved screaming or physical confrontation.Further research shows that most married couples agreed to occasionally arguing in front of their children. Dr. Gordon concluded that children are deeply affected by pa rental arguing and hopes that his research will make couples think twice about arguing or criticizing each other in front of their children (Jolivet, 2012). The social implications of parental arguing on children are mostly negative but in some situations can be positive. When children are exposed to a negative environment it threatens their emotional stability, which can result in depression, anxiety, and aggression.Although when parental conflicts are solved sensibly children learn constructive ways to settle arguments. Children learn to compromise and use compassion instead of aggressive behavior to solve disagreements. The overwhelming message that children of divorced parents try to convey is that they want more than anything for their parents to stay together. When teenagers were asked about what they would want their parents to know the majority said that it’s â€Å"Not easy for all of us† and â€Å"they don’t want to be blamed for it† or â€Å"ca ught in the middle† (Jolivet, 2012).This shows that the impacts of divorce and stress levels are not only felt by the individuals involved in the relationship but are felt almost as equally by the children. Children of divorced parents in present times are seen as resilient and being able to cope with difficult times. In a study done by Dr. Robert Gordon about teenager’s opinions on divorce found: Seeing parents divorced or growing up without mom and dad living together makes our whole view of life different.We become more independent and strong. Marriage and kids are not such a positive thing anymore/7 Kids also wanted their parents to know that, simply, they can handle the truth of the situation. (Jolivet, 2012) As a result of viewing marriage and kids differently teenagers who come from divorced families are more likely to have trouble with their own marriage. This is because children do not know what caused their parent’s marriage to collapse, therefore, are unable to maintain a successful relationship.The immediate effects of divorce on children is evident but there are usually no long term effects as they usually fall into the normal range of psychological and social adjustment (Jolivet, 2012). Although, the way the parents handle the divorce is the determining factor for long-term effects on divorce. The number one factor that puts a child at risk for long-term effects of divorce is the intensity and level of parental conflict prior, during, and after the divorce. For example, battles for custody can put high levels of stress on children as they have little control of the legal events and outcomes.If a child has to suffer through a high- conflict divorce it can double the rate of behavioral and emotional adjustment problems along with many more potential effects. Studies have also examined the effect of divorce on boys and girls as different groups. Data shows that the effect on boys was more immediate and dramatic. Boys were also mo re vulnerable to aggression and disruption. However, the effect on girls culminated over time and resulted in increased sexual promiscuity, skipping school, and acting out (Jolivet, 2012).This research concludes that the effect of divorce on children can be predicted by the conditions that existed before the separation. As children go through the stages of divorce with their parents they are observing everything that is going on, these observations could have a negative effect on how these children view marriage and divorce later in life. In a study of divorce done by Dr. Amato and Dr. DeBoer found that divorces were more common in children whose parents divorced than among children whose parents stayed married (Jolivet, 2012).When parents divorce the child is familiar and used to the subject and is more likely to view it much less benignly than a child who did not grow up with divorce in the household. This results in those children being more open to divorce if they are unhappy wi th their marriage. Children could also view marriage as an unpredictable relationship and love and commitment can come and go (Jolivet, 2012). Although adult children with divorced parents are more likely to get divorce does not mean they are doomed for an unsuccessful marriage, they just need to work a little bit more to keep their relationship strong and interesting.Divorce is a difficult topic for many people and can affect almost everybody connected to an individual in the relationship. In a family the individuals who opted for the divorce are obviously greatly affected as well as the children. Divorce can have many negative implications on children including social and behavioral problems as well as problems with their own marriage later in life. Unfortunately, everyone involved feels the negative results of divorce but the degree of that effect can be lowered if certain measures are taken prior to a divorce.Dr. Lisa Strohschein suggests that instead of focusing on helping chil dren after divorce, paying attention to what happens to the kids leading up to the divorce could lower levels of anti-social behavior (Jolivet, 2012). She also states that parents who help children cope with divorce and shape their attitude toward more positive associations could have a great effect on their mental health (Jolivet, 2012). Even though the negative implications of divorce are very prevalent I believe that they can be reduced to a degree where the effects are minimal.

Argument for the Social Definition of “Medicate”

Of many a(prenominal) a nonher(prenominal) endpoints apply to de none the executions taken quickly and day-by-dayly to mend heartrending hassles, medicate is a word extensively applied to oftentimes(prenominal) movements. The word has at least deuce meanings, a direct and indirect one, two join by a super C component of meaning.In both cases, to medicate heart to apply aid in set out to remedy an undesirable narrow down. In the direct meaning, to medicate is defined in Free Online Dictionary as shroud with medicine. This meaning is widely true when the word is usaged in a general sense to associate to the estimation of the exploit of treating medical illness with substances.In many cases, however, the word medicate takes on an redundant meaning when it is used to de none the process in which tidy sum try to use medical methods in a random, casual way to solve serious occupations. cardinal can try to medicate a serious disease resorting to folk shipway to me dication, or treat a condition with magic or witchcraft.To medicate has be yearn popular in todays fast-paced society where people be tempted to jump to easy measures to ward gain the constantly increasing stream of problems. This ride gave the word an additional connotation of a quick fix.This additional creep of meaning dramatic every last(predicate)y expanded the certain meaning of the word. Now the action common sense with medicate no longer demand to refer to those moves that involve medical substance. sensation can take drugs to medicate a love failure, or get a cup of morning coffee to ingest stress away.Carl Eliott in his essay saturate Your Dissent applies the word to the spreading inclination of an orbit of many Americans to turn to antidepressants when they want to specify their depressed state. In many situations, antidepressants aid only as a makeshift palliative that treat the symptoms, merely not the eventual problem.Medicating ones problems with an tidepressants and tranquilizers, people try to isolate themselves from what really nags at their hearts, shoving the real issues of their lives into distant corners of their head teachers, striving never to retrieve them from there. This way of medication creates skeletons in cupboards neglected matters that are pushed away provided in reality often never forgotten.When a soul tries to resort to medication, the short fix does not remove the real problem. It can disappear on its own, exclusively impart never retreat in the course of medication. This is the key difference between medication and real treatment. When a person is really treated, the root hasten of the problem is addressed, whether successfully or not. In case of medicating, it remains there, triggering setbacks over the long run.Medicating arose in society because of peoples obsession with getting fast results without applying overmuch effort. Medicating is driven by the speed of disembodied spirit that forces people to editk of ship canal to denounce time, accomplishing a lot in a short while. Spreading their efforts too thin over many things, people do not have the time and enduringness to attend to many matters seriously.Often, one problem will be addressed with point in time while all the rest will be medicated or addressed without much detail. Taking shortcuts in treating medical problems, individuals find out that they can bypass usual ways to remedy their problems. More often than not, they are penalised for their self-confidence.This is why medicating often has disastrous consequences. A person can be advised that everything is going well, and he or she is on the way to recovery, while in fact the disease or some other problem is growing into an even bigger one. passing solutions can place human mind in a state of successful unawareness when a person revels about a problem being solve and fosters passivity with regard to real issues.In my experience, the most vivid exa mple of medicating in the latter(prenominal) sense of the word was a espouse couple that tried all kinds of short-run solutions to a problem they had. The wife go to her husbands place of student residence in rural Austria, having lived all her liveliness in the US. Her urban background remaining her totally unprepared for life in a rural community in a foreign land where she did not know the language and felt that the local anaesthetic residents did not accept her.They tried all kinds of solutions that would temporarily solve the problem she joined various local clubs, engaged in community life, tried to work as a freelance designer pickings orders online. In the end, like so many people trying to overcome their problems, she took to anti-depressants so as to remove her worries and concerns. Surely, anti-depressants did not execute her marriage that ended on the rocks later on barely two years of family life, after passionate dating and a vacation filled with explosive h appiness.Kara (my friends name) realized too late that she should not have entered this relationship at all, for although they were gaga about each other, they were two various people with differing backgrounds, which made family life unmanageable if not impossible.No matter what she tried when she got to Austria, her inside(a) strength and communication skills were not rich to make her life there not only enjoyable, but even tolerable. Instead, her judge at medicating her pain over detachment with her relatives and her native culture with anti-depressants gave a serious blow to her health as she developed side effects associated with the drugs.Thus, to medicate direction to invent short-term solutions to long-term problems. The term is more often used to refer to actions that involve the medical component to them however, it is similarly used to denote actions that use other doer than medical substances. A person can resort to any means to solve a serious problem, but as long as this action uses an ineffective, yet easy trick for the outcome of the issue, the action is medicating, and not real treatment. plant life CitedElliott, Carl. Medicate Your Dissent. 6 July 2006 .Medicate. Free Online Dictionary. 6 July 2006 .